Hello, I am attempting to read and write an XML document. Currently I have parsed the document successfully. I have basic navigation and have learned how to modify the XMLDocument. Now I want to write the modified document back to the file system. What I have tried so far is: writer := XMLWriter new. xmldoc document writeXMLOn: writer. writer stream. f := File openForWriteFileNamed: '/home/jimmie/xmldoc.xml'. f nextPutAll: (writer write contents). f flush. f close. It does write an xml document to the file system. However, it has exploded in size. The original is 28mb and is in UTF-8. The newly written file is 112mb and is UTF-32. I do not know why the change in encoding or how to correct or manually set the encoding. Any help in understanding how to correctly write an XML document that I have read and minimally modified would be greatly appreciated. Thanks. Jimmie