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Pillar vs Pandoc?

by Alexandre Bergel

Hi! Offray is visiting us in Chile. He showed me http://pandoc.org and it seems to be pretty cool. Looks like a strong competitor. I am wondering how Pillar position itself against Pandoc? Cheers, Alexandre -- _,.;:~^~:;._,.;:~^~:;._,.;:~^~:;._,.;:~^~:;._,.;: Alexandre Bergel http://www.bergel.eu ^~:;._,.;:~^~:;._,.;:~^~:;._,.;:~^~:;._,.;:~^~:;.

April 5, 2016

Two possible Morphic-related issues

by Carlos Lombardi

Hi, proviso: this is my first mail to a Pharo list. I guess that it is pertinent for the pharo-dev list, since it describes a possible failure in Pharo 4 and an enhancement suggestion. If this mail is better suited for the pharo-users list, or else it should be better addressed to both lists, please let me know. Thanks! ---------------------------------- I just upgraded an application from Pharo 3 to Pharo 4. In this application, we use StrikeFont class>>fromUser:allowKeyboard: to let the user choose the point size of the font in a PluggableTextMorph. In fact, the size is applied to the selected part of the text only, so that we allow the edition of a text mixing different point sizes, and also bold, italics and underline. I hope to be able to publish shortly a button row that adds this capability to a given PluggableTextMorph. The mentioned method, StrikeFont class>>fromUser:allowKeyboard:, builds a menu where a check box is added to each option. This menu is told the currently selected point size, to propose it as pre-selected value. To build such a menu, the options are Associations (Boolean -> String), where the boolean is true for the option to be pre-selected, instead of just Strings. This works OK in Pharo 3. But in Pharo 4, we get an error when using StrikeFont class>>fromUser:allowKeyboard:. The reason lies in MenuMorph>>addToggle:target:selector:getStateSelector:enablementSelector:argumentList:, where the message translated is sent to the first parameter. This parameter is assumed to be a String, whilst in this case it is the Association I just mentioned. I provisionally patched this issue by modifying the class method in StrikeFont, in order to give the menu Strings instead of Associations. As far as this way of selecting a point size is still usable, it would be nice to have this issue fixed. If there is another, maybe more modern, way of graphically choosing a point size, please let me know. We had another problem to obtain a mix-style PluggableTextMorph. When the Text is accepted, the model is given actually a style-less Text, this is explicitly established in PluggableTextMorph>>acceptTextInModel. I guess that such is convenient when the Text being edited is code, so that the styles are automatically set by the editor, and must not be present in the code of a method. But in our case, it is the user that establishes the styles, so that they must be preserved. I created a subclass of PluggableTextMorph, in which the Text is passed unchanged to the model. If there is a better way to solve this issue, please tell me. Please consider the possibility of creating a specific CodeTextMorph in order to deal with the peculiarities of the code edition, instead of mixing them in the would-be-generic PluggableTextMorph. Cordially - Carlos Lombardi

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] Philosophy here

by Richard Sargent

Igor Stasenko wrote > (This philosophical post provoked by discussion in another thread where we > talking about cases of implementing wrappers and layers of composition.) > > To achieve more you shall do more. > Usual truth thing in daily life. > Not so true for programming. > It actually > 'do less to achieve more'. > Because it's non-linear in programming. Because each line of code you add > to the system is increasing it complexity accordingly. And that means more > effort for future maintenance for you, or for some other unsuspecting > victim. > So, that's why i always look how to do less, reduce the amount of code, to > achieve something. But not just plainly implement yet another feature, so > its done. Nice! I'll add one, inspired by orbital mechanics and unlocking car doors in the rain. To go faster, slow down. A slightly slower, more deliberate pace will yield greater results than rushing headlong into something. > > -- > Best regards, > Igor Stasenko. -- View this message in context: http://forum.world.st/Philosophy-here-tp4888073p4888456.html Sent from the Pharo Smalltalk Developers mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] [ bloc ] I do not understand why some behavior is not in the right place

by Igor Stasenko

On 5 April 2016 at 17:27, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: > > > On 5 April 2016 at 16:29, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> wrote: > >> Now let's take a look at this code: >> >> drawOnSpartaCanvas: aCanvas >> >>> aCanvas >>> clipPreserveBy: self shape during: [ >>> aCanvas paintGroup: [ >>> aCanvas setPaint: self shape fillPaint. >>> aCanvas fillPreserve. >>> aCanvas paintMode source. >>> aCanvas setStrokePaint: self shape strokePaint. >>> aCanvas stroke ] ] >> >> >> You may be curious why it is so ugly :) Make it work - make it right - >> make it fast. We are on the first etappe, because I invested zero time in >> rendering stuff. >> >> What you see is the minimal amount of cairo primitive calls that are >> needed to render not overlapping fill and stroke. Clipping is needed to >> make sure that stroke does not get rendered outside of a path. Group is >> needed to have transparent target in order to make source paint mode work >> as expected. Compared to image_surface group, it in this case allows to >> preserve clip and current cairo state which is pushed to stack during >> push_group and restored during pop_group_to_source. fillPreserve allows to >> reuse the same path as used for clipping before saving cpu time on loading >> path. >> >> Yes, i understand that. You are forced to do that. And it is ugly not > because of all you listed above, it ugly because you could just use a > cascade: > > aCanvas setPaint: self shape fillPaint; > fillPreserve; > paintMode source; > setStrokePaint: self shape strokePaint; > stroke > > (something like that) > but yeah.. that can wait .. since it is still work in progress. I agree. > > >> It is implemented in canvas specific method after dispatch though canvas, >> so we are allowed to use canvas specific api, for example groups. >> >> How to model stroke, fillPreserve and paintModein terms of Athens? >> >> > A good question. And i don't have an answer to it , ready for you. > 1. Stroke can be expressed as a special kind of paint. And that how its > done in Athens. > > 2. What fillPreserve is, is can't find it in source code? Some > hot-swapping and preserving context state , i guess. > > 3. As for paint mode, it is already in Athens, so why you asking? You > don't like how it is done or what? > > or maybe you meant how to group those operation and express them as command group? I have no simple answer here. Because this is root points of the core of graphics engine. From one side, you want such things be exposed to user, and from other you want a higher dimension concepts/operations to be allowed by combining those. There's no simple way. I would just stop at this level, letting user to decide how he wants to play with those pieces to achieve results he wants. > >> Cheers, >> Alex >> >> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 3:15 PM, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> >> wrote: >> >>> Hello Igor >>> >>> Thanks for extensive design explanation and effort! >>> Issues you mentioned in previous emails are important and need to be >>> addressed :) >>> fill(), stroke() fillPreserve() strokePreserve() need to disappear in >>> the end. We will come back to them later. >>> >>> Let me tell a few words about Sparta. >>> Sparta implements Athens interface api (excluding some experimental >>> stuff to test possible performance boost in a few places) and does not have >>> task to remove Athens style and abstractions. Ideally Sparta will be >>> AthensCairo for bloc. I'm looking forward for your help :) >>> >>> Here are some aspects in AthensCairo that Sparta tries to address in >>> first place: >>> >>> - *Clipping in local coordinates*. It is critical in Bloc. You >>> implemented AthensCairo to have vector based rendering in Morphic and Pharo >>> in general. Morphic lives in global coordinates, so your choice to clip in >>> global coordinate is perfect! At the same time global clipping in bloc adds >>> complexity. Sparta clips always in local coordinates (user space in cairo >>> terminology). >>> - *Clip by arbitrary path*. Athens and AthenCairo expect to see >>> aRectangle as clipping region - your wise choice for morphic. In bloc I >>> would have clipping by arbitrary path. clipBy:during: gets aPath. >>> Rectangle/Color is polymorphic with path/paint in Sparta >>> - *Support of groups*. (maybe user-level aspect? like shadows) >>> Groups are powerful in cairo (do they exist outside of cairo?) and allow to >>> draw both transparent fill and stroke without overlapping using only one >>> path. On class side of BlElement there are examples (exampleCircle) that >>> show such behavior. >>> - *Do not maintain and set pathTransformation before each >>> render-dependent action.* Questionable but what if Canvas will not >>> maintain current state of pathTransform? Instead all transformations can be >>> directly applied on cairo_t using native calls. If there is a need to get >>> actual matrix we can ask cairo directly. From my perspective it simplifies >>> transformation stuff a little bit. >>> - *Benefit from cairo_save and cairo_restore.* AthensCairo maintains >>> state manually by setting transformation matrix and clip. Instead we could >>> save and restore state without caring about clip/matrix which simplifies >>> code. Check SpartaCanvas>>#clipBy:during: >>> >>> >>> Cheers, >>> Alex >>> >>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:12 PM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>> wrote: >>> >>>> >>>> Couple more words about that fill() function abstraction. >>>> Now you probably understand why there's no notion of stroke operation >>>> in Athens. >>>> Because instead of introducing it that way, by adding new kind of a >>>> function >>>> stroke(shape,paint) >>>> from our perspective, it falls into our more generic fill() function, >>>> except that >>>> instead of literally filling the shape we deciding to paint a stroke: >>>> fill(shape, strokePaint). >>>> >>>> As i said, there's nothing that tells that fill() function must affect >>>> only areas enclosed by the shape. >>>> For instance, you could imagine, that i'm in contrary, may want to fill >>>> everything , but the area(s) enclosed by given shape. And that still can be >>>> represented as invocation of our generic fill() function, except that we >>>> will use a different kind of paint, that will fill everything outside >>>> designated region, i.e.: >>>> fill(shape, fillOutsidePaint) >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On 5 April 2016 at 14:33, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On 5 April 2016 at 04:00, Ben Coman <btc(a)openinworld.com> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:51 AM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > Some more bashing today.. (don't take it personal, i may be wrong) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > BlPath hierarchy.. and BlShape. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > Why you redefining what is shape and what is path? >>>>>> > Of course, you are free to do it in Bloc.. >>>>>> > But in terms of Athens, all of BlPath are actually - shapes.. >>>>>> > And BlShape is some kind of encapsulation of shape, paints and >>>>>> transform. >>>>>> > It is a dumb state holder without any extra logic. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > My rule of thumb: do not produce dumb state holders. They has to be >>>>>> smart, >>>>>> > else it makes no sense in creating separate entity and designating >>>>>> it as >>>>>> > something else than any other bunch of data thrown into single >>>>>> clump, >>>>>> > sitting there deaf, blind, dead and silent until someone else will >>>>>> grab it >>>>>> > somewhere >>>>>> > and start using it for own purpose. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > Sure, i could understand, why you potentially may want such >>>>>> object(s) >>>>>> > around, >>>>>> > but it is not shape anymore and i wouldn't call it like that. >>>>>> Because shape >>>>>> > are shape, and has nothing to do with paints and transform, >>>>>> > it don't knows and don't cares whether it will be filled or stroked >>>>>> or both, >>>>>> > and how many times, and if there will be single paint or thousand. >>>>>> > Such kind of properties is simply orthogonal to what shape existing >>>>>> for, >>>>>> > because it exists only to define geometry. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > I think all of that came from not understanding the roles of >>>>>> objects and how >>>>>> > they interact in Athens. >>>>>> >>>>>> Can you point us to documentation that describes Athen's architecture >>>>>> for these interactions? >>>>>> (sorry I haven't checked class comments, but I'm looking to start with >>>>>> something at higher level anyway) >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> No, i can't point it out. And you are right , this is nobody else's >>>>> fault than my own. I feel ashamed. Sure how i could demand that people >>>>> understand the concepts, if i didn't explained then anywhere (or if i did, >>>>> it is not in easily reachable place). >>>>> >>>>> So, lets fix that. I will write it down here, and you can pick it up >>>>> and find suitable place for it. >>>>> >>>>> ---------- >>>>> Basic abstractions behind Athens. >>>>> >>>>> Since Athens is about drawing graphics, we need a media where all >>>>> drawing operations will appear. We call that media a surface. >>>>> The surface is abstract. It can have set dimensions, or don't. We >>>>> don't define if it representing some kind of physical surface (like part of >>>>> the display screen), or how it storing the data inside. We leaving an >>>>> introduction of such details to concrete surface implementation. >>>>> All that matters is that surface is a final target of all our drawing >>>>> operations. >>>>> Therefore, in Athens, a surface is usually a starting point where all >>>>> begins from, and you doing so by creating a specific surface. >>>>> It is surface's responsibility then, to provide user a means how he >>>>> can draw on it, and therefore there is a number of factory methods, that >>>>> allowing you to create a canvas, paints and shapes. All those three are >>>>> specific implementation of AthensCanvas, AthensPaint and AthensShape >>>>> protocols, suitable to be used with specific surface implementation that >>>>> you using. >>>>> >>>>> Canvas. >>>>> Canvas represents a basic drawing context. We don't allow a direct >>>>> operations with surface, but instead we provide a context, that contains >>>>> and carries all information that represents a current stage of drawing >>>>> operations. >>>>> This includes things like, current coordinate transformation(s), >>>>> currently selected paint and shape, and paint mode. >>>>> >>>>> In order to obtain canvas, one must use #drawDuring: message sent to >>>>> surface with block as argument. The given block receives an instance of >>>>> AthensCanvas as a single parameter. We intentionally enclosing all possible >>>>> drawing operations within a block to make sure that when we leave, we can >>>>> safely release all resources that was allocated, required to hold the >>>>> drawing context state. By exposing it in such form, we also making sure >>>>> that nothing can alter the surface outside a given block. That way, it >>>>> gives users a definitive answer, whether he finished drawing operations or >>>>> not, and if it safe to operate with surface for things like saving it to >>>>> file, or using it as a source for more complex operations, like acting as a >>>>> paint to fill area(s) inside another surface etc. >>>>> >>>>> Paints and shapes. >>>>> A starting point is answering a question, how we can represent a >>>>> simplest, elementary drawing operation on a surface without putting too >>>>> much constraints. >>>>> We doing so by postulating that any elementary drawing operation can >>>>> be expressed by a function: >>>>> >>>>> fill(paint, shape) >>>>> >>>>> Please, note that 'fill' here is not a literally fill given shape with >>>>> given paint. We call it 'fill' for simplicity reason. It can anything that >>>>> altering the surface, but always taking into account given parameters: >>>>> paint and shape. >>>>> >>>>> Then, from that perspective we can clearly say what are the roles and >>>>> responsibility of shapes and paints. >>>>> >>>>> The shape defines the affected region, its geometry and location, >>>>> while paint defines how that region will be altered. >>>>> In this way, most of more complex operations can be expressed as a >>>>> series of such function invocations by using various paints and shapes. >>>>> >>>>> Such representation also gives us a minimal set of roles, a building >>>>> bricks, that we need to introduce in order to represent any kind of drawing >>>>> operation we may need, as well as a minimal functionality in order to >>>>> implement such function(s). And therefore a minimal protocol(s), that all >>>>> paints and shapes should implement. >>>>> >>>>> Since there potentially infinite number of various paint kinds and >>>>> shape kinds, we cannot make a single function that will implement all >>>>> possible permutations in order to fill shape with concrete paint. >>>>> To solve that we introducing a straight dispatch mechanism, where we >>>>> delegate the responsibility of implementing a concrete case, first to >>>>> shape, and then to paint. >>>>> >>>>> The API representing this function in canvas by #draw protocol. >>>>> It takes currently selected paint and currently selected shape and >>>>> starting dispatch: >>>>> >>>>> draw >>>>> "Fill the currently selected shape with currently selected paint" >>>>> ^ shape paintFillsUsing: paint on: self >>>>> >>>>> So, first it goes to the shape, by sending #paintFillsUsing:on: , >>>>> then shape dispatching it further to paint by sending appropriate >>>>> message >>>>> (be it #athensFillPath:on: or #athensFillRectangle:on: or anything >>>>> else, if you want to introduce new kind of shape representation and >>>>> implement it accordingly). >>>>> Such dispatch gives us an ability to easily extend the framework by >>>>> introducing new kind of shapes and paints , by implementing new kind of >>>>> fill() functions for them. >>>>> >>>>> ----------- >>>>> >>>>> I hope that will make clear at least part of things what is there, >>>>> behind the scenes. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> cheers -ben >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> -- >>>>> Best regards, >>>>> Igor Stasenko. >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> Best regards, >>>> Igor Stasenko. >>>> >>> >>> >> > > > -- > Best regards, > Igor Stasenko. > -- Best regards, Igor Stasenko.

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] [ bloc ] I do not understand why some behavior is not in the right place

by Igor Stasenko

On 5 April 2016 at 16:29, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> wrote: > Now let's take a look at this code: > > drawOnSpartaCanvas: aCanvas > >> aCanvas >> clipPreserveBy: self shape during: [ >> aCanvas paintGroup: [ >> aCanvas setPaint: self shape fillPaint. >> aCanvas fillPreserve. >> aCanvas paintMode source. >> aCanvas setStrokePaint: self shape strokePaint. >> aCanvas stroke ] ] > > > You may be curious why it is so ugly :) Make it work - make it right - > make it fast. We are on the first etappe, because I invested zero time in > rendering stuff. > > What you see is the minimal amount of cairo primitive calls that are > needed to render not overlapping fill and stroke. Clipping is needed to > make sure that stroke does not get rendered outside of a path. Group is > needed to have transparent target in order to make source paint mode work > as expected. Compared to image_surface group, it in this case allows to > preserve clip and current cairo state which is pushed to stack during > push_group and restored during pop_group_to_source. fillPreserve allows to > reuse the same path as used for clipping before saving cpu time on loading > path. > > Yes, i understand that. You are forced to do that. And it is ugly not because of all you listed above, it ugly because you could just use a cascade: aCanvas setPaint: self shape fillPaint; fillPreserve; paintMode source; setStrokePaint: self shape strokePaint; stroke (something like that) but yeah.. that can wait .. since it is still work in progress. I agree. > It is implemented in canvas specific method after dispatch though canvas, > so we are allowed to use canvas specific api, for example groups. > > How to model stroke, fillPreserve and paintModein terms of Athens? > > A good question. And i don't have an answer to it , ready for you. 1. Stroke can be expressed as a special kind of paint. And that how its done in Athens. 2. What fillPreserve is, is can't find it in source code? Some hot-swapping and preserving context state , i guess. 3. As for paint mode, it is already in Athens, so why you asking? You don't like how it is done or what? > > Cheers, > Alex > > On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 3:15 PM, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> > wrote: > >> Hello Igor >> >> Thanks for extensive design explanation and effort! >> Issues you mentioned in previous emails are important and need to be >> addressed :) >> fill(), stroke() fillPreserve() strokePreserve() need to disappear in the >> end. We will come back to them later. >> >> Let me tell a few words about Sparta. >> Sparta implements Athens interface api (excluding some experimental stuff >> to test possible performance boost in a few places) and does not have task >> to remove Athens style and abstractions. Ideally Sparta will be AthensCairo >> for bloc. I'm looking forward for your help :) >> >> Here are some aspects in AthensCairo that Sparta tries to address in >> first place: >> >> - *Clipping in local coordinates*. It is critical in Bloc. You >> implemented AthensCairo to have vector based rendering in Morphic and Pharo >> in general. Morphic lives in global coordinates, so your choice to clip in >> global coordinate is perfect! At the same time global clipping in bloc adds >> complexity. Sparta clips always in local coordinates (user space in cairo >> terminology). >> - *Clip by arbitrary path*. Athens and AthenCairo expect to see >> aRectangle as clipping region - your wise choice for morphic. In bloc I >> would have clipping by arbitrary path. clipBy:during: gets aPath. >> Rectangle/Color is polymorphic with path/paint in Sparta >> - *Support of groups*. (maybe user-level aspect? like shadows) Groups >> are powerful in cairo (do they exist outside of cairo?) and allow to draw >> both transparent fill and stroke without overlapping using only one path. >> On class side of BlElement there are examples (exampleCircle) that show >> such behavior. >> - *Do not maintain and set pathTransformation before each >> render-dependent action.* Questionable but what if Canvas will not >> maintain current state of pathTransform? Instead all transformations can be >> directly applied on cairo_t using native calls. If there is a need to get >> actual matrix we can ask cairo directly. From my perspective it simplifies >> transformation stuff a little bit. >> - *Benefit from cairo_save and cairo_restore.* AthensCairo maintains >> state manually by setting transformation matrix and clip. Instead we could >> save and restore state without caring about clip/matrix which simplifies >> code. Check SpartaCanvas>>#clipBy:during: >> >> >> Cheers, >> Alex >> >> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:12 PM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >> >>> >>> Couple more words about that fill() function abstraction. >>> Now you probably understand why there's no notion of stroke operation in >>> Athens. >>> Because instead of introducing it that way, by adding new kind of a >>> function >>> stroke(shape,paint) >>> from our perspective, it falls into our more generic fill() function, >>> except that >>> instead of literally filling the shape we deciding to paint a stroke: >>> fill(shape, strokePaint). >>> >>> As i said, there's nothing that tells that fill() function must affect >>> only areas enclosed by the shape. >>> For instance, you could imagine, that i'm in contrary, may want to fill >>> everything , but the area(s) enclosed by given shape. And that still can be >>> represented as invocation of our generic fill() function, except that we >>> will use a different kind of paint, that will fill everything outside >>> designated region, i.e.: >>> fill(shape, fillOutsidePaint) >>> >>> >>> >>> On 5 April 2016 at 14:33, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On 5 April 2016 at 04:00, Ben Coman <btc(a)openinworld.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:51 AM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>>>> wrote: >>>>> > >>>>> > Some more bashing today.. (don't take it personal, i may be wrong) >>>>> > >>>>> > BlPath hierarchy.. and BlShape. >>>>> > >>>>> > Why you redefining what is shape and what is path? >>>>> > Of course, you are free to do it in Bloc.. >>>>> > But in terms of Athens, all of BlPath are actually - shapes.. >>>>> > And BlShape is some kind of encapsulation of shape, paints and >>>>> transform. >>>>> > It is a dumb state holder without any extra logic. >>>>> > >>>>> > My rule of thumb: do not produce dumb state holders. They has to be >>>>> smart, >>>>> > else it makes no sense in creating separate entity and designating >>>>> it as >>>>> > something else than any other bunch of data thrown into single clump, >>>>> > sitting there deaf, blind, dead and silent until someone else will >>>>> grab it >>>>> > somewhere >>>>> > and start using it for own purpose. >>>>> > >>>>> > Sure, i could understand, why you potentially may want such object(s) >>>>> > around, >>>>> > but it is not shape anymore and i wouldn't call it like that. >>>>> Because shape >>>>> > are shape, and has nothing to do with paints and transform, >>>>> > it don't knows and don't cares whether it will be filled or stroked >>>>> or both, >>>>> > and how many times, and if there will be single paint or thousand. >>>>> > Such kind of properties is simply orthogonal to what shape existing >>>>> for, >>>>> > because it exists only to define geometry. >>>>> > >>>>> > I think all of that came from not understanding the roles of objects >>>>> and how >>>>> > they interact in Athens. >>>>> >>>>> Can you point us to documentation that describes Athen's architecture >>>>> for these interactions? >>>>> (sorry I haven't checked class comments, but I'm looking to start with >>>>> something at higher level anyway) >>>>> >>>> >>>> No, i can't point it out. And you are right , this is nobody else's >>>> fault than my own. I feel ashamed. Sure how i could demand that people >>>> understand the concepts, if i didn't explained then anywhere (or if i did, >>>> it is not in easily reachable place). >>>> >>>> So, lets fix that. I will write it down here, and you can pick it up >>>> and find suitable place for it. >>>> >>>> ---------- >>>> Basic abstractions behind Athens. >>>> >>>> Since Athens is about drawing graphics, we need a media where all >>>> drawing operations will appear. We call that media a surface. >>>> The surface is abstract. It can have set dimensions, or don't. We >>>> don't define if it representing some kind of physical surface (like part of >>>> the display screen), or how it storing the data inside. We leaving an >>>> introduction of such details to concrete surface implementation. >>>> All that matters is that surface is a final target of all our drawing >>>> operations. >>>> Therefore, in Athens, a surface is usually a starting point where all >>>> begins from, and you doing so by creating a specific surface. >>>> It is surface's responsibility then, to provide user a means how he can >>>> draw on it, and therefore there is a number of factory methods, that >>>> allowing you to create a canvas, paints and shapes. All those three are >>>> specific implementation of AthensCanvas, AthensPaint and AthensShape >>>> protocols, suitable to be used with specific surface implementation that >>>> you using. >>>> >>>> Canvas. >>>> Canvas represents a basic drawing context. We don't allow a direct >>>> operations with surface, but instead we provide a context, that contains >>>> and carries all information that represents a current stage of drawing >>>> operations. >>>> This includes things like, current coordinate transformation(s), >>>> currently selected paint and shape, and paint mode. >>>> >>>> In order to obtain canvas, one must use #drawDuring: message sent to >>>> surface with block as argument. The given block receives an instance of >>>> AthensCanvas as a single parameter. We intentionally enclosing all possible >>>> drawing operations within a block to make sure that when we leave, we can >>>> safely release all resources that was allocated, required to hold the >>>> drawing context state. By exposing it in such form, we also making sure >>>> that nothing can alter the surface outside a given block. That way, it >>>> gives users a definitive answer, whether he finished drawing operations or >>>> not, and if it safe to operate with surface for things like saving it to >>>> file, or using it as a source for more complex operations, like acting as a >>>> paint to fill area(s) inside another surface etc. >>>> >>>> Paints and shapes. >>>> A starting point is answering a question, how we can represent a >>>> simplest, elementary drawing operation on a surface without putting too >>>> much constraints. >>>> We doing so by postulating that any elementary drawing operation can be >>>> expressed by a function: >>>> >>>> fill(paint, shape) >>>> >>>> Please, note that 'fill' here is not a literally fill given shape with >>>> given paint. We call it 'fill' for simplicity reason. It can anything that >>>> altering the surface, but always taking into account given parameters: >>>> paint and shape. >>>> >>>> Then, from that perspective we can clearly say what are the roles and >>>> responsibility of shapes and paints. >>>> >>>> The shape defines the affected region, its geometry and location, >>>> while paint defines how that region will be altered. >>>> In this way, most of more complex operations can be expressed as a >>>> series of such function invocations by using various paints and shapes. >>>> >>>> Such representation also gives us a minimal set of roles, a building >>>> bricks, that we need to introduce in order to represent any kind of drawing >>>> operation we may need, as well as a minimal functionality in order to >>>> implement such function(s). And therefore a minimal protocol(s), that all >>>> paints and shapes should implement. >>>> >>>> Since there potentially infinite number of various paint kinds and >>>> shape kinds, we cannot make a single function that will implement all >>>> possible permutations in order to fill shape with concrete paint. >>>> To solve that we introducing a straight dispatch mechanism, where we >>>> delegate the responsibility of implementing a concrete case, first to >>>> shape, and then to paint. >>>> >>>> The API representing this function in canvas by #draw protocol. >>>> It takes currently selected paint and currently selected shape and >>>> starting dispatch: >>>> >>>> draw >>>> "Fill the currently selected shape with currently selected paint" >>>> ^ shape paintFillsUsing: paint on: self >>>> >>>> So, first it goes to the shape, by sending #paintFillsUsing:on: , >>>> then shape dispatching it further to paint by sending appropriate >>>> message >>>> (be it #athensFillPath:on: or #athensFillRectangle:on: or anything >>>> else, if you want to introduce new kind of shape representation and >>>> implement it accordingly). >>>> Such dispatch gives us an ability to easily extend the framework by >>>> introducing new kind of shapes and paints , by implementing new kind of >>>> fill() functions for them. >>>> >>>> ----------- >>>> >>>> I hope that will make clear at least part of things what is there, >>>> behind the scenes. >>>> >>>> >>>>> cheers -ben >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> Best regards, >>>> Igor Stasenko. >>>> >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Best regards, >>> Igor Stasenko. >>> >> >> > -- Best regards, Igor Stasenko.

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] [ bloc ] I do not understand why some behavior is not in the right place

by Igor Stasenko

On 5 April 2016 at 16:51, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> wrote: > Let me now clarify terminology behind path / shape (with fill and stroke). > > We decided to not invent a wheel and rely on our knowledge of english. > Instead it is better to be in sync with terminology used among graphics and > vector designers. > > As an example let's stick with Adobe's naming conventions (Photoshop, > After Effects and Illustrator are widely used). [1] > > Yeah, who are me, and who Adobe :) > *Path* > >> A path consists of *segments* and *vertices*. Segments are the lines or >> curves that connect vertices. Vertices define where each segment of a path >> starts and ends. > > > A path itself has no visual appearance in rendered output; it is >> essentially a collection of information about how to place or modify other >> visual elements. > > > Right, but as you can see, that is just a specific way how you can define a shape (shape in my terms). > *Shape* > >> [ ... ] layers contain vector graphics objects called *shapes*. By >> default, a shape consists of a path, a stroke, and a fill. > > > You can modify a shape path by applying *path operations*, such as Wiggle >> Paths and Pucker & Bloat. You apply a stroke to a path or fill the area >> defined by a path with color by applying *paint operations*. > > > Maybe an idea of having BlShape that holds path, fill and stroke is not > that bad as you thought? Anyway we found even better way. > > Sure, but now, maybe you can see, why my definition of shape is more generic. It doesn't says it can only be filled or stoked. It is orthogonal. I take the definition of shape in its purest form: anything that can have some form, designating location(s) on surface. It even more generic than Adobe's Path, since path is just a single case of it. >From that perspective, yes your BlShape conforms to Adobe's shape, but also inherits its limitations. > P.S. There is always a *reason* behind our decision. I am not the only > person that made that decision. it was discussed multiple times. > > Of course. But if we started talking about authorities, i don't think if you ask a person on the street, what shape is, his answer will start from 'Adobe defines it as .... ' :) > Cheers, > Alex > > [1] > https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/using/overview-shape-layers-paths-vec… > <https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/using/overview-shape-layers-paths-vec…> > > On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 3:29 PM, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> > wrote: > >> Now let's take a look at this code: >> >> drawOnSpartaCanvas: aCanvas >> >>> aCanvas >>> clipPreserveBy: self shape during: [ >>> aCanvas paintGroup: [ >>> aCanvas setPaint: self shape fillPaint. >>> aCanvas fillPreserve. >>> aCanvas paintMode source. >>> aCanvas setStrokePaint: self shape strokePaint. >>> aCanvas stroke ] ] >> >> >> You may be curious why it is so ugly :) Make it work - make it right - >> make it fast. We are on the first etappe, because I invested zero time in >> rendering stuff. >> >> What you see is the minimal amount of cairo primitive calls that are >> needed to render not overlapping fill and stroke. Clipping is needed to >> make sure that stroke does not get rendered outside of a path. Group is >> needed to have transparent target in order to make source paint mode work >> as expected. Compared to image_surface group, it in this case allows to >> preserve clip and current cairo state which is pushed to stack during >> push_group and restored during pop_group_to_source. fillPreserve allows to >> reuse the same path as used for clipping before saving cpu time on loading >> path. >> >> It is implemented in canvas specific method after dispatch though canvas, >> so we are allowed to use canvas specific api, for example groups. >> >> How to model stroke, fillPreserve and paintModein terms of Athens? >> >> >> Cheers, >> Alex >> >> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 3:15 PM, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> >> wrote: >> >>> Hello Igor >>> >>> Thanks for extensive design explanation and effort! >>> Issues you mentioned in previous emails are important and need to be >>> addressed :) >>> fill(), stroke() fillPreserve() strokePreserve() need to disappear in >>> the end. We will come back to them later. >>> >>> Let me tell a few words about Sparta. >>> Sparta implements Athens interface api (excluding some experimental >>> stuff to test possible performance boost in a few places) and does not have >>> task to remove Athens style and abstractions. Ideally Sparta will be >>> AthensCairo for bloc. I'm looking forward for your help :) >>> >>> Here are some aspects in AthensCairo that Sparta tries to address in >>> first place: >>> >>> - *Clipping in local coordinates*. It is critical in Bloc. You >>> implemented AthensCairo to have vector based rendering in Morphic and Pharo >>> in general. Morphic lives in global coordinates, so your choice to clip in >>> global coordinate is perfect! At the same time global clipping in bloc adds >>> complexity. Sparta clips always in local coordinates (user space in cairo >>> terminology). >>> - *Clip by arbitrary path*. Athens and AthenCairo expect to see >>> aRectangle as clipping region - your wise choice for morphic. In bloc I >>> would have clipping by arbitrary path. clipBy:during: gets aPath. >>> Rectangle/Color is polymorphic with path/paint in Sparta >>> - *Support of groups*. (maybe user-level aspect? like shadows) >>> Groups are powerful in cairo (do they exist outside of cairo?) and allow to >>> draw both transparent fill and stroke without overlapping using only one >>> path. On class side of BlElement there are examples (exampleCircle) that >>> show such behavior. >>> - *Do not maintain and set pathTransformation before each >>> render-dependent action.* Questionable but what if Canvas will not >>> maintain current state of pathTransform? Instead all transformations can be >>> directly applied on cairo_t using native calls. If there is a need to get >>> actual matrix we can ask cairo directly. From my perspective it simplifies >>> transformation stuff a little bit. >>> - *Benefit from cairo_save and cairo_restore.* AthensCairo maintains >>> state manually by setting transformation matrix and clip. Instead we could >>> save and restore state without caring about clip/matrix which simplifies >>> code. Check SpartaCanvas>>#clipBy:during: >>> >>> >>> Cheers, >>> Alex >>> >>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:12 PM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>> wrote: >>> >>>> >>>> Couple more words about that fill() function abstraction. >>>> Now you probably understand why there's no notion of stroke operation >>>> in Athens. >>>> Because instead of introducing it that way, by adding new kind of a >>>> function >>>> stroke(shape,paint) >>>> from our perspective, it falls into our more generic fill() function, >>>> except that >>>> instead of literally filling the shape we deciding to paint a stroke: >>>> fill(shape, strokePaint). >>>> >>>> As i said, there's nothing that tells that fill() function must affect >>>> only areas enclosed by the shape. >>>> For instance, you could imagine, that i'm in contrary, may want to fill >>>> everything , but the area(s) enclosed by given shape. And that still can be >>>> represented as invocation of our generic fill() function, except that we >>>> will use a different kind of paint, that will fill everything outside >>>> designated region, i.e.: >>>> fill(shape, fillOutsidePaint) >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On 5 April 2016 at 14:33, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On 5 April 2016 at 04:00, Ben Coman <btc(a)openinworld.com> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:51 AM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> > >>>>>> > Some more bashing today.. (don't take it personal, i may be wrong) >>>>>> > >>>>>> > BlPath hierarchy.. and BlShape. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > Why you redefining what is shape and what is path? >>>>>> > Of course, you are free to do it in Bloc.. >>>>>> > But in terms of Athens, all of BlPath are actually - shapes.. >>>>>> > And BlShape is some kind of encapsulation of shape, paints and >>>>>> transform. >>>>>> > It is a dumb state holder without any extra logic. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > My rule of thumb: do not produce dumb state holders. They has to be >>>>>> smart, >>>>>> > else it makes no sense in creating separate entity and designating >>>>>> it as >>>>>> > something else than any other bunch of data thrown into single >>>>>> clump, >>>>>> > sitting there deaf, blind, dead and silent until someone else will >>>>>> grab it >>>>>> > somewhere >>>>>> > and start using it for own purpose. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > Sure, i could understand, why you potentially may want such >>>>>> object(s) >>>>>> > around, >>>>>> > but it is not shape anymore and i wouldn't call it like that. >>>>>> Because shape >>>>>> > are shape, and has nothing to do with paints and transform, >>>>>> > it don't knows and don't cares whether it will be filled or stroked >>>>>> or both, >>>>>> > and how many times, and if there will be single paint or thousand. >>>>>> > Such kind of properties is simply orthogonal to what shape existing >>>>>> for, >>>>>> > because it exists only to define geometry. >>>>>> > >>>>>> > I think all of that came from not understanding the roles of >>>>>> objects and how >>>>>> > they interact in Athens. >>>>>> >>>>>> Can you point us to documentation that describes Athen's architecture >>>>>> for these interactions? >>>>>> (sorry I haven't checked class comments, but I'm looking to start with >>>>>> something at higher level anyway) >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> No, i can't point it out. And you are right , this is nobody else's >>>>> fault than my own. I feel ashamed. Sure how i could demand that people >>>>> understand the concepts, if i didn't explained then anywhere (or if i did, >>>>> it is not in easily reachable place). >>>>> >>>>> So, lets fix that. I will write it down here, and you can pick it up >>>>> and find suitable place for it. >>>>> >>>>> ---------- >>>>> Basic abstractions behind Athens. >>>>> >>>>> Since Athens is about drawing graphics, we need a media where all >>>>> drawing operations will appear. We call that media a surface. >>>>> The surface is abstract. It can have set dimensions, or don't. We >>>>> don't define if it representing some kind of physical surface (like part of >>>>> the display screen), or how it storing the data inside. We leaving an >>>>> introduction of such details to concrete surface implementation. >>>>> All that matters is that surface is a final target of all our drawing >>>>> operations. >>>>> Therefore, in Athens, a surface is usually a starting point where all >>>>> begins from, and you doing so by creating a specific surface. >>>>> It is surface's responsibility then, to provide user a means how he >>>>> can draw on it, and therefore there is a number of factory methods, that >>>>> allowing you to create a canvas, paints and shapes. All those three are >>>>> specific implementation of AthensCanvas, AthensPaint and AthensShape >>>>> protocols, suitable to be used with specific surface implementation that >>>>> you using. >>>>> >>>>> Canvas. >>>>> Canvas represents a basic drawing context. We don't allow a direct >>>>> operations with surface, but instead we provide a context, that contains >>>>> and carries all information that represents a current stage of drawing >>>>> operations. >>>>> This includes things like, current coordinate transformation(s), >>>>> currently selected paint and shape, and paint mode. >>>>> >>>>> In order to obtain canvas, one must use #drawDuring: message sent to >>>>> surface with block as argument. The given block receives an instance of >>>>> AthensCanvas as a single parameter. We intentionally enclosing all possible >>>>> drawing operations within a block to make sure that when we leave, we can >>>>> safely release all resources that was allocated, required to hold the >>>>> drawing context state. By exposing it in such form, we also making sure >>>>> that nothing can alter the surface outside a given block. That way, it >>>>> gives users a definitive answer, whether he finished drawing operations or >>>>> not, and if it safe to operate with surface for things like saving it to >>>>> file, or using it as a source for more complex operations, like acting as a >>>>> paint to fill area(s) inside another surface etc. >>>>> >>>>> Paints and shapes. >>>>> A starting point is answering a question, how we can represent a >>>>> simplest, elementary drawing operation on a surface without putting too >>>>> much constraints. >>>>> We doing so by postulating that any elementary drawing operation can >>>>> be expressed by a function: >>>>> >>>>> fill(paint, shape) >>>>> >>>>> Please, note that 'fill' here is not a literally fill given shape with >>>>> given paint. We call it 'fill' for simplicity reason. It can anything that >>>>> altering the surface, but always taking into account given parameters: >>>>> paint and shape. >>>>> >>>>> Then, from that perspective we can clearly say what are the roles and >>>>> responsibility of shapes and paints. >>>>> >>>>> The shape defines the affected region, its geometry and location, >>>>> while paint defines how that region will be altered. >>>>> In this way, most of more complex operations can be expressed as a >>>>> series of such function invocations by using various paints and shapes. >>>>> >>>>> Such representation also gives us a minimal set of roles, a building >>>>> bricks, that we need to introduce in order to represent any kind of drawing >>>>> operation we may need, as well as a minimal functionality in order to >>>>> implement such function(s). And therefore a minimal protocol(s), that all >>>>> paints and shapes should implement. >>>>> >>>>> Since there potentially infinite number of various paint kinds and >>>>> shape kinds, we cannot make a single function that will implement all >>>>> possible permutations in order to fill shape with concrete paint. >>>>> To solve that we introducing a straight dispatch mechanism, where we >>>>> delegate the responsibility of implementing a concrete case, first to >>>>> shape, and then to paint. >>>>> >>>>> The API representing this function in canvas by #draw protocol. >>>>> It takes currently selected paint and currently selected shape and >>>>> starting dispatch: >>>>> >>>>> draw >>>>> "Fill the currently selected shape with currently selected paint" >>>>> ^ shape paintFillsUsing: paint on: self >>>>> >>>>> So, first it goes to the shape, by sending #paintFillsUsing:on: , >>>>> then shape dispatching it further to paint by sending appropriate >>>>> message >>>>> (be it #athensFillPath:on: or #athensFillRectangle:on: or anything >>>>> else, if you want to introduce new kind of shape representation and >>>>> implement it accordingly). >>>>> Such dispatch gives us an ability to easily extend the framework by >>>>> introducing new kind of shapes and paints , by implementing new kind of >>>>> fill() functions for them. >>>>> >>>>> ----------- >>>>> >>>>> I hope that will make clear at least part of things what is there, >>>>> behind the scenes. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>> cheers -ben >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> -- >>>>> Best regards, >>>>> Igor Stasenko. >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> Best regards, >>>> Igor Stasenko. >>>> >>> >>> >> > -- Best regards, Igor Stasenko.

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] [ bloc ] I do not understand why some behavior is not in the right place

by Aliaksei Syrel

Let me now clarify terminology behind path / shape (with fill and stroke). We decided to not invent a wheel and rely on our knowledge of english. Instead it is better to be in sync with terminology used among graphics and vector designers. As an example let's stick with Adobe's naming conventions (Photoshop, After Effects and Illustrator are widely used). [1] *Path* > A path consists of *segments* and *vertices*. Segments are the lines or > curves that connect vertices. Vertices define where each segment of a path > starts and ends. A path itself has no visual appearance in rendered output; it is > essentially a collection of information about how to place or modify other > visual elements. *Shape* > [ ... ] layers contain vector graphics objects called *shapes*. By > default, a shape consists of a path, a stroke, and a fill. You can modify a shape path by applying *path operations*, such as Wiggle > Paths and Pucker & Bloat. You apply a stroke to a path or fill the area > defined by a path with color by applying *paint operations*. Maybe an idea of having BlShape that holds path, fill and stroke is not that bad as you thought? Anyway we found even better way. P.S. There is always a *reason* behind our decision. I am not the only person that made that decision. it was discussed multiple times. Cheers, Alex [1] https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/using/overview-shape-layers-paths-vec… <https://helpx.adobe.com/after-effects/using/overview-shape-layers-paths-vec…> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 3:29 PM, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> wrote: > Now let's take a look at this code: > > drawOnSpartaCanvas: aCanvas > >> aCanvas >> clipPreserveBy: self shape during: [ >> aCanvas paintGroup: [ >> aCanvas setPaint: self shape fillPaint. >> aCanvas fillPreserve. >> aCanvas paintMode source. >> aCanvas setStrokePaint: self shape strokePaint. >> aCanvas stroke ] ] > > > You may be curious why it is so ugly :) Make it work - make it right - > make it fast. We are on the first etappe, because I invested zero time in > rendering stuff. > > What you see is the minimal amount of cairo primitive calls that are > needed to render not overlapping fill and stroke. Clipping is needed to > make sure that stroke does not get rendered outside of a path. Group is > needed to have transparent target in order to make source paint mode work > as expected. Compared to image_surface group, it in this case allows to > preserve clip and current cairo state which is pushed to stack during > push_group and restored during pop_group_to_source. fillPreserve allows to > reuse the same path as used for clipping before saving cpu time on loading > path. > > It is implemented in canvas specific method after dispatch though canvas, > so we are allowed to use canvas specific api, for example groups. > > How to model stroke, fillPreserve and paintModein terms of Athens? > > > Cheers, > Alex > > On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 3:15 PM, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> > wrote: > >> Hello Igor >> >> Thanks for extensive design explanation and effort! >> Issues you mentioned in previous emails are important and need to be >> addressed :) >> fill(), stroke() fillPreserve() strokePreserve() need to disappear in the >> end. We will come back to them later. >> >> Let me tell a few words about Sparta. >> Sparta implements Athens interface api (excluding some experimental stuff >> to test possible performance boost in a few places) and does not have task >> to remove Athens style and abstractions. Ideally Sparta will be AthensCairo >> for bloc. I'm looking forward for your help :) >> >> Here are some aspects in AthensCairo that Sparta tries to address in >> first place: >> >> - *Clipping in local coordinates*. It is critical in Bloc. You >> implemented AthensCairo to have vector based rendering in Morphic and Pharo >> in general. Morphic lives in global coordinates, so your choice to clip in >> global coordinate is perfect! At the same time global clipping in bloc adds >> complexity. Sparta clips always in local coordinates (user space in cairo >> terminology). >> - *Clip by arbitrary path*. Athens and AthenCairo expect to see >> aRectangle as clipping region - your wise choice for morphic. In bloc I >> would have clipping by arbitrary path. clipBy:during: gets aPath. >> Rectangle/Color is polymorphic with path/paint in Sparta >> - *Support of groups*. (maybe user-level aspect? like shadows) Groups >> are powerful in cairo (do they exist outside of cairo?) and allow to draw >> both transparent fill and stroke without overlapping using only one path. >> On class side of BlElement there are examples (exampleCircle) that show >> such behavior. >> - *Do not maintain and set pathTransformation before each >> render-dependent action.* Questionable but what if Canvas will not >> maintain current state of pathTransform? Instead all transformations can be >> directly applied on cairo_t using native calls. If there is a need to get >> actual matrix we can ask cairo directly. From my perspective it simplifies >> transformation stuff a little bit. >> - *Benefit from cairo_save and cairo_restore.* AthensCairo maintains >> state manually by setting transformation matrix and clip. Instead we could >> save and restore state without caring about clip/matrix which simplifies >> code. Check SpartaCanvas>>#clipBy:during: >> >> >> Cheers, >> Alex >> >> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:12 PM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >> >>> >>> Couple more words about that fill() function abstraction. >>> Now you probably understand why there's no notion of stroke operation in >>> Athens. >>> Because instead of introducing it that way, by adding new kind of a >>> function >>> stroke(shape,paint) >>> from our perspective, it falls into our more generic fill() function, >>> except that >>> instead of literally filling the shape we deciding to paint a stroke: >>> fill(shape, strokePaint). >>> >>> As i said, there's nothing that tells that fill() function must affect >>> only areas enclosed by the shape. >>> For instance, you could imagine, that i'm in contrary, may want to fill >>> everything , but the area(s) enclosed by given shape. And that still can be >>> represented as invocation of our generic fill() function, except that we >>> will use a different kind of paint, that will fill everything outside >>> designated region, i.e.: >>> fill(shape, fillOutsidePaint) >>> >>> >>> >>> On 5 April 2016 at 14:33, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> On 5 April 2016 at 04:00, Ben Coman <btc(a)openinworld.com> wrote: >>>> >>>>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:51 AM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>>>> wrote: >>>>> > >>>>> > Some more bashing today.. (don't take it personal, i may be wrong) >>>>> > >>>>> > BlPath hierarchy.. and BlShape. >>>>> > >>>>> > Why you redefining what is shape and what is path? >>>>> > Of course, you are free to do it in Bloc.. >>>>> > But in terms of Athens, all of BlPath are actually - shapes.. >>>>> > And BlShape is some kind of encapsulation of shape, paints and >>>>> transform. >>>>> > It is a dumb state holder without any extra logic. >>>>> > >>>>> > My rule of thumb: do not produce dumb state holders. They has to be >>>>> smart, >>>>> > else it makes no sense in creating separate entity and designating >>>>> it as >>>>> > something else than any other bunch of data thrown into single clump, >>>>> > sitting there deaf, blind, dead and silent until someone else will >>>>> grab it >>>>> > somewhere >>>>> > and start using it for own purpose. >>>>> > >>>>> > Sure, i could understand, why you potentially may want such object(s) >>>>> > around, >>>>> > but it is not shape anymore and i wouldn't call it like that. >>>>> Because shape >>>>> > are shape, and has nothing to do with paints and transform, >>>>> > it don't knows and don't cares whether it will be filled or stroked >>>>> or both, >>>>> > and how many times, and if there will be single paint or thousand. >>>>> > Such kind of properties is simply orthogonal to what shape existing >>>>> for, >>>>> > because it exists only to define geometry. >>>>> > >>>>> > I think all of that came from not understanding the roles of objects >>>>> and how >>>>> > they interact in Athens. >>>>> >>>>> Can you point us to documentation that describes Athen's architecture >>>>> for these interactions? >>>>> (sorry I haven't checked class comments, but I'm looking to start with >>>>> something at higher level anyway) >>>>> >>>> >>>> No, i can't point it out. And you are right , this is nobody else's >>>> fault than my own. I feel ashamed. Sure how i could demand that people >>>> understand the concepts, if i didn't explained then anywhere (or if i did, >>>> it is not in easily reachable place). >>>> >>>> So, lets fix that. I will write it down here, and you can pick it up >>>> and find suitable place for it. >>>> >>>> ---------- >>>> Basic abstractions behind Athens. >>>> >>>> Since Athens is about drawing graphics, we need a media where all >>>> drawing operations will appear. We call that media a surface. >>>> The surface is abstract. It can have set dimensions, or don't. We >>>> don't define if it representing some kind of physical surface (like part of >>>> the display screen), or how it storing the data inside. We leaving an >>>> introduction of such details to concrete surface implementation. >>>> All that matters is that surface is a final target of all our drawing >>>> operations. >>>> Therefore, in Athens, a surface is usually a starting point where all >>>> begins from, and you doing so by creating a specific surface. >>>> It is surface's responsibility then, to provide user a means how he can >>>> draw on it, and therefore there is a number of factory methods, that >>>> allowing you to create a canvas, paints and shapes. All those three are >>>> specific implementation of AthensCanvas, AthensPaint and AthensShape >>>> protocols, suitable to be used with specific surface implementation that >>>> you using. >>>> >>>> Canvas. >>>> Canvas represents a basic drawing context. We don't allow a direct >>>> operations with surface, but instead we provide a context, that contains >>>> and carries all information that represents a current stage of drawing >>>> operations. >>>> This includes things like, current coordinate transformation(s), >>>> currently selected paint and shape, and paint mode. >>>> >>>> In order to obtain canvas, one must use #drawDuring: message sent to >>>> surface with block as argument. The given block receives an instance of >>>> AthensCanvas as a single parameter. We intentionally enclosing all possible >>>> drawing operations within a block to make sure that when we leave, we can >>>> safely release all resources that was allocated, required to hold the >>>> drawing context state. By exposing it in such form, we also making sure >>>> that nothing can alter the surface outside a given block. That way, it >>>> gives users a definitive answer, whether he finished drawing operations or >>>> not, and if it safe to operate with surface for things like saving it to >>>> file, or using it as a source for more complex operations, like acting as a >>>> paint to fill area(s) inside another surface etc. >>>> >>>> Paints and shapes. >>>> A starting point is answering a question, how we can represent a >>>> simplest, elementary drawing operation on a surface without putting too >>>> much constraints. >>>> We doing so by postulating that any elementary drawing operation can be >>>> expressed by a function: >>>> >>>> fill(paint, shape) >>>> >>>> Please, note that 'fill' here is not a literally fill given shape with >>>> given paint. We call it 'fill' for simplicity reason. It can anything that >>>> altering the surface, but always taking into account given parameters: >>>> paint and shape. >>>> >>>> Then, from that perspective we can clearly say what are the roles and >>>> responsibility of shapes and paints. >>>> >>>> The shape defines the affected region, its geometry and location, >>>> while paint defines how that region will be altered. >>>> In this way, most of more complex operations can be expressed as a >>>> series of such function invocations by using various paints and shapes. >>>> >>>> Such representation also gives us a minimal set of roles, a building >>>> bricks, that we need to introduce in order to represent any kind of drawing >>>> operation we may need, as well as a minimal functionality in order to >>>> implement such function(s). And therefore a minimal protocol(s), that all >>>> paints and shapes should implement. >>>> >>>> Since there potentially infinite number of various paint kinds and >>>> shape kinds, we cannot make a single function that will implement all >>>> possible permutations in order to fill shape with concrete paint. >>>> To solve that we introducing a straight dispatch mechanism, where we >>>> delegate the responsibility of implementing a concrete case, first to >>>> shape, and then to paint. >>>> >>>> The API representing this function in canvas by #draw protocol. >>>> It takes currently selected paint and currently selected shape and >>>> starting dispatch: >>>> >>>> draw >>>> "Fill the currently selected shape with currently selected paint" >>>> ^ shape paintFillsUsing: paint on: self >>>> >>>> So, first it goes to the shape, by sending #paintFillsUsing:on: , >>>> then shape dispatching it further to paint by sending appropriate >>>> message >>>> (be it #athensFillPath:on: or #athensFillRectangle:on: or anything >>>> else, if you want to introduce new kind of shape representation and >>>> implement it accordingly). >>>> Such dispatch gives us an ability to easily extend the framework by >>>> introducing new kind of shapes and paints , by implementing new kind of >>>> fill() functions for them. >>>> >>>> ----------- >>>> >>>> I hope that will make clear at least part of things what is there, >>>> behind the scenes. >>>> >>>> >>>>> cheers -ben >>>>> >>>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> Best regards, >>>> Igor Stasenko. >>>> >>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Best regards, >>> Igor Stasenko. >>> >> >> >

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] [ bloc ] I do not understand why some behavior is not in the right place

by Igor Stasenko

On 5 April 2016 at 16:15, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> wrote: > Hello Igor > > Thanks for extensive design explanation and effort! > Issues you mentioned in previous emails are important and need to be > addressed :) > fill(), stroke() fillPreserve() strokePreserve() need to disappear in the > end. We will come back to them later. > > /me feel happiness :) > Let me tell a few words about Sparta. > Sparta implements Athens interface api (excluding some experimental stuff > to test possible performance boost in a few places) and does not have task > to remove Athens style and abstractions. Ideally Sparta will be AthensCairo > for bloc. I'm looking forward for your help :) > > Here are some aspects in AthensCairo that Sparta tries to address in first > place: > > - *Clipping in local coordinates*. It is critical in Bloc. You > implemented AthensCairo to have vector based rendering in Morphic and Pharo > in general. Morphic lives in global coordinates, so your choice to clip in > global coordinate is perfect! At the same time global clipping in bloc adds > complexity. Sparta clips always in local coordinates (user space in cairo > terminology). > > No, my code is not perfect. Don't say it like that. It was just a mere attempt to marry Morphic with Athens, in order to make things work.. But if it works, it doesn't means it perfect. It just works. I don't need false credit(s) :) Ideally , of course, all clipping should be done in local coordinates. There should be no, or as little as possible things, that require absolute coordinates. And so, i am happy to hear that, and that we are on same side here, i can only welcome any steps towards that direction. > > - *Clip by arbitrary path*. Athens and AthenCairo expect to see > aRectangle as clipping region - your wise choice for morphic. In bloc I > would have clipping by arbitrary path. clipBy:during: gets aPath. > Rectangle/Color is polymorphic with path/paint in Sparta > > That is also a step forward. Ideally it should be possible in Athens as well, to clip using any shape. But.. yeah.. we needed to implement simplest things first, before introducing more. So, ideally what you need is to extend functionality of #clipBy:during: , of AthensCanvas, and allow any shape, not just Rectangle. > - *Support of groups*. (maybe user-level aspect? like shadows) Groups > are powerful in cairo (do they exist outside of cairo?) and allow to draw > both transparent fill and stroke without overlapping using only one path. > On class side of BlElement there are examples (exampleCircle) that show > such behavior. > > Hmm.. That is a higher level/dimension concept. I doubt that graphics engine needs to support it out of the box. Grouping operations is up to the user.. there's no single fixed way how one can group simple operations of fill() function.. and in what order whatever. I do not object that grouping operations are not useful. I just objecting that it should be part of core API. Any kind of grouping is allowed at the user level, so in Bloc you are free to introduce it the way you like or want. I would say more about it, if you would motivate , what you can see, how graphical engine could potentially allow better performance/ease of use in case if it will support groups. For instance , in OpenGL there are a command lists, which you can compile once and then execute it as many time as you want. That is useful in terms that it can prepare a bunch of operations and optimize them for later use. This is basically a simple command pattern, implemented in C :) >From that perspective, if you mean support of groups in that way.. then it is good direction. But if not, then i am not convinced. > - *Do not maintain and set pathTransformation before each > render-dependent action.* Questionable but what if Canvas will not > maintain current state of pathTransform? Instead all transformations can be > directly applied on cairo_t using native calls. If there is a need to get > actual matrix we can ask cairo directly. From my perspective it simplifies > transformation stuff a little bit. > > Review and optimization. I can only welcome that. > > - *Benefit from cairo_save and cairo_restore.* AthensCairo maintains > state manually by setting transformation matrix and clip. Instead we could > save and restore state without caring about clip/matrix which simplifies > code. Check SpartaCanvas>>#clipBy:during: > > Sure, using backend to its full potential is again can be only welcomed. But Cairo is not the only backend for Athens. So, if you can expose such operation at more backend neutral level in Athens, then it is welcome as well. I was thinking about that, but never got my hands to it.. How to expose it in backend-neutral way. So, if you found how - do it. I can only welcome that. > Cheers, > Alex > > On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:12 PM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: > >> >> Couple more words about that fill() function abstraction. >> Now you probably understand why there's no notion of stroke operation in >> Athens. >> Because instead of introducing it that way, by adding new kind of a >> function >> stroke(shape,paint) >> from our perspective, it falls into our more generic fill() function, >> except that >> instead of literally filling the shape we deciding to paint a stroke: >> fill(shape, strokePaint). >> >> As i said, there's nothing that tells that fill() function must affect >> only areas enclosed by the shape. >> For instance, you could imagine, that i'm in contrary, may want to fill >> everything , but the area(s) enclosed by given shape. And that still can be >> represented as invocation of our generic fill() function, except that we >> will use a different kind of paint, that will fill everything outside >> designated region, i.e.: >> fill(shape, fillOutsidePaint) >> >> >> >> On 5 April 2016 at 14:33, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >> >>> >>> >>> On 5 April 2016 at 04:00, Ben Coman <btc(a)openinworld.com> wrote: >>> >>>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:51 AM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>>> wrote: >>>> > >>>> > Some more bashing today.. (don't take it personal, i may be wrong) >>>> > >>>> > BlPath hierarchy.. and BlShape. >>>> > >>>> > Why you redefining what is shape and what is path? >>>> > Of course, you are free to do it in Bloc.. >>>> > But in terms of Athens, all of BlPath are actually - shapes.. >>>> > And BlShape is some kind of encapsulation of shape, paints and >>>> transform. >>>> > It is a dumb state holder without any extra logic. >>>> > >>>> > My rule of thumb: do not produce dumb state holders. They has to be >>>> smart, >>>> > else it makes no sense in creating separate entity and designating it >>>> as >>>> > something else than any other bunch of data thrown into single clump, >>>> > sitting there deaf, blind, dead and silent until someone else will >>>> grab it >>>> > somewhere >>>> > and start using it for own purpose. >>>> > >>>> > Sure, i could understand, why you potentially may want such object(s) >>>> > around, >>>> > but it is not shape anymore and i wouldn't call it like that. Because >>>> shape >>>> > are shape, and has nothing to do with paints and transform, >>>> > it don't knows and don't cares whether it will be filled or stroked >>>> or both, >>>> > and how many times, and if there will be single paint or thousand. >>>> > Such kind of properties is simply orthogonal to what shape existing >>>> for, >>>> > because it exists only to define geometry. >>>> > >>>> > I think all of that came from not understanding the roles of objects >>>> and how >>>> > they interact in Athens. >>>> >>>> Can you point us to documentation that describes Athen's architecture >>>> for these interactions? >>>> (sorry I haven't checked class comments, but I'm looking to start with >>>> something at higher level anyway) >>>> >>> >>> No, i can't point it out. And you are right , this is nobody else's >>> fault than my own. I feel ashamed. Sure how i could demand that people >>> understand the concepts, if i didn't explained then anywhere (or if i did, >>> it is not in easily reachable place). >>> >>> So, lets fix that. I will write it down here, and you can pick it up and >>> find suitable place for it. >>> >>> ---------- >>> Basic abstractions behind Athens. >>> >>> Since Athens is about drawing graphics, we need a media where all >>> drawing operations will appear. We call that media a surface. >>> The surface is abstract. It can have set dimensions, or don't. We don't >>> define if it representing some kind of physical surface (like part of the >>> display screen), or how it storing the data inside. We leaving an >>> introduction of such details to concrete surface implementation. >>> All that matters is that surface is a final target of all our drawing >>> operations. >>> Therefore, in Athens, a surface is usually a starting point where all >>> begins from, and you doing so by creating a specific surface. >>> It is surface's responsibility then, to provide user a means how he can >>> draw on it, and therefore there is a number of factory methods, that >>> allowing you to create a canvas, paints and shapes. All those three are >>> specific implementation of AthensCanvas, AthensPaint and AthensShape >>> protocols, suitable to be used with specific surface implementation that >>> you using. >>> >>> Canvas. >>> Canvas represents a basic drawing context. We don't allow a direct >>> operations with surface, but instead we provide a context, that contains >>> and carries all information that represents a current stage of drawing >>> operations. >>> This includes things like, current coordinate transformation(s), >>> currently selected paint and shape, and paint mode. >>> >>> In order to obtain canvas, one must use #drawDuring: message sent to >>> surface with block as argument. The given block receives an instance of >>> AthensCanvas as a single parameter. We intentionally enclosing all possible >>> drawing operations within a block to make sure that when we leave, we can >>> safely release all resources that was allocated, required to hold the >>> drawing context state. By exposing it in such form, we also making sure >>> that nothing can alter the surface outside a given block. That way, it >>> gives users a definitive answer, whether he finished drawing operations or >>> not, and if it safe to operate with surface for things like saving it to >>> file, or using it as a source for more complex operations, like acting as a >>> paint to fill area(s) inside another surface etc. >>> >>> Paints and shapes. >>> A starting point is answering a question, how we can represent a >>> simplest, elementary drawing operation on a surface without putting too >>> much constraints. >>> We doing so by postulating that any elementary drawing operation can be >>> expressed by a function: >>> >>> fill(paint, shape) >>> >>> Please, note that 'fill' here is not a literally fill given shape with >>> given paint. We call it 'fill' for simplicity reason. It can anything that >>> altering the surface, but always taking into account given parameters: >>> paint and shape. >>> >>> Then, from that perspective we can clearly say what are the roles and >>> responsibility of shapes and paints. >>> >>> The shape defines the affected region, its geometry and location, >>> while paint defines how that region will be altered. >>> In this way, most of more complex operations can be expressed as a >>> series of such function invocations by using various paints and shapes. >>> >>> Such representation also gives us a minimal set of roles, a building >>> bricks, that we need to introduce in order to represent any kind of drawing >>> operation we may need, as well as a minimal functionality in order to >>> implement such function(s). And therefore a minimal protocol(s), that all >>> paints and shapes should implement. >>> >>> Since there potentially infinite number of various paint kinds and shape >>> kinds, we cannot make a single function that will implement all possible >>> permutations in order to fill shape with concrete paint. >>> To solve that we introducing a straight dispatch mechanism, where we >>> delegate the responsibility of implementing a concrete case, first to >>> shape, and then to paint. >>> >>> The API representing this function in canvas by #draw protocol. >>> It takes currently selected paint and currently selected shape and >>> starting dispatch: >>> >>> draw >>> "Fill the currently selected shape with currently selected paint" >>> ^ shape paintFillsUsing: paint on: self >>> >>> So, first it goes to the shape, by sending #paintFillsUsing:on: , >>> then shape dispatching it further to paint by sending appropriate message >>> (be it #athensFillPath:on: or #athensFillRectangle:on: or anything else, >>> if you want to introduce new kind of shape representation and implement it >>> accordingly). >>> Such dispatch gives us an ability to easily extend the framework by >>> introducing new kind of shapes and paints , by implementing new kind of >>> fill() functions for them. >>> >>> ----------- >>> >>> I hope that will make clear at least part of things what is there, >>> behind the scenes. >>> >>> >>>> cheers -ben >>>> >>>> >>> >>> -- >>> Best regards, >>> Igor Stasenko. >>> >> >> >> >> -- >> Best regards, >> Igor Stasenko. >> > > -- Best regards, Igor Stasenko.

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] Pharo Days 2016 Photos and Video

by Tudor Girba

Nice :) Cheers, Tudor > On Apr 4, 2016, at 12:15 AM, Yuriy Tymchuk <yuriy.tymchuk(a)me.com> wrote: > > Good morning everyone! > > I think that itâs a nice way to start the new week by viewing photos from Pharo Days 2016: https://goo.gl/photos/orgTn4C1bSeqf6fy5. > Additionally if someone wants to get a quick impression of the conference, now there is a video for that: https://youtu.be/eHKtxgbuLSg. > > > Have a great week. > Cheers! > Uko -- www.tudorgirba.com www.feenk.com "When people care, great things can happen."

April 5, 2016

Re: [Pharo-dev] [ bloc ] I do not understand why some behavior is not in the right place

by Aliaksei Syrel

Now let's take a look at this code: drawOnSpartaCanvas: aCanvas > aCanvas > clipPreserveBy: self shape during: [ > aCanvas paintGroup: [ > aCanvas setPaint: self shape fillPaint. > aCanvas fillPreserve. > aCanvas paintMode source. > aCanvas setStrokePaint: self shape strokePaint. > aCanvas stroke ] ] You may be curious why it is so ugly :) Make it work - make it right - make it fast. We are on the first etappe, because I invested zero time in rendering stuff. What you see is the minimal amount of cairo primitive calls that are needed to render not overlapping fill and stroke. Clipping is needed to make sure that stroke does not get rendered outside of a path. Group is needed to have transparent target in order to make source paint mode work as expected. Compared to image_surface group, it in this case allows to preserve clip and current cairo state which is pushed to stack during push_group and restored during pop_group_to_source. fillPreserve allows to reuse the same path as used for clipping before saving cpu time on loading path. It is implemented in canvas specific method after dispatch though canvas, so we are allowed to use canvas specific api, for example groups. How to model stroke, fillPreserve and paintModein terms of Athens? Cheers, Alex On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 3:15 PM, Aliaksei Syrel <alex.syrel(a)gmail.com> wrote: > Hello Igor > > Thanks for extensive design explanation and effort! > Issues you mentioned in previous emails are important and need to be > addressed :) > fill(), stroke() fillPreserve() strokePreserve() need to disappear in the > end. We will come back to them later. > > Let me tell a few words about Sparta. > Sparta implements Athens interface api (excluding some experimental stuff > to test possible performance boost in a few places) and does not have task > to remove Athens style and abstractions. Ideally Sparta will be AthensCairo > for bloc. I'm looking forward for your help :) > > Here are some aspects in AthensCairo that Sparta tries to address in first > place: > > - *Clipping in local coordinates*. It is critical in Bloc. You > implemented AthensCairo to have vector based rendering in Morphic and Pharo > in general. Morphic lives in global coordinates, so your choice to clip in > global coordinate is perfect! At the same time global clipping in bloc adds > complexity. Sparta clips always in local coordinates (user space in cairo > terminology). > - *Clip by arbitrary path*. Athens and AthenCairo expect to see > aRectangle as clipping region - your wise choice for morphic. In bloc I > would have clipping by arbitrary path. clipBy:during: gets aPath. > Rectangle/Color is polymorphic with path/paint in Sparta > - *Support of groups*. (maybe user-level aspect? like shadows) Groups > are powerful in cairo (do they exist outside of cairo?) and allow to draw > both transparent fill and stroke without overlapping using only one path. > On class side of BlElement there are examples (exampleCircle) that show > such behavior. > - *Do not maintain and set pathTransformation before each > render-dependent action.* Questionable but what if Canvas will not > maintain current state of pathTransform? Instead all transformations can be > directly applied on cairo_t using native calls. If there is a need to get > actual matrix we can ask cairo directly. From my perspective it simplifies > transformation stuff a little bit. > - *Benefit from cairo_save and cairo_restore.* AthensCairo maintains > state manually by setting transformation matrix and clip. Instead we could > save and restore state without caring about clip/matrix which simplifies > code. Check SpartaCanvas>>#clipBy:during: > > > Cheers, > Alex > > On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:12 PM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: > >> >> Couple more words about that fill() function abstraction. >> Now you probably understand why there's no notion of stroke operation in >> Athens. >> Because instead of introducing it that way, by adding new kind of a >> function >> stroke(shape,paint) >> from our perspective, it falls into our more generic fill() function, >> except that >> instead of literally filling the shape we deciding to paint a stroke: >> fill(shape, strokePaint). >> >> As i said, there's nothing that tells that fill() function must affect >> only areas enclosed by the shape. >> For instance, you could imagine, that i'm in contrary, may want to fill >> everything , but the area(s) enclosed by given shape. And that still can be >> represented as invocation of our generic fill() function, except that we >> will use a different kind of paint, that will fill everything outside >> designated region, i.e.: >> fill(shape, fillOutsidePaint) >> >> >> >> On 5 April 2016 at 14:33, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> wrote: >> >>> >>> >>> On 5 April 2016 at 04:00, Ben Coman <btc(a)openinworld.com> wrote: >>> >>>> On Tue, Apr 5, 2016 at 2:51 AM, Igor Stasenko <siguctua(a)gmail.com> >>>> wrote: >>>> > >>>> > Some more bashing today.. (don't take it personal, i may be wrong) >>>> > >>>> > BlPath hierarchy.. and BlShape. >>>> > >>>> > Why you redefining what is shape and what is path? >>>> > Of course, you are free to do it in Bloc.. >>>> > But in terms of Athens, all of BlPath are actually - shapes.. >>>> > And BlShape is some kind of encapsulation of shape, paints and >>>> transform. >>>> > It is a dumb state holder without any extra logic. >>>> > >>>> > My rule of thumb: do not produce dumb state holders. They has to be >>>> smart, >>>> > else it makes no sense in creating separate entity and designating it >>>> as >>>> > something else than any other bunch of data thrown into single clump, >>>> > sitting there deaf, blind, dead and silent until someone else will >>>> grab it >>>> > somewhere >>>> > and start using it for own purpose. >>>> > >>>> > Sure, i could understand, why you potentially may want such object(s) >>>> > around, >>>> > but it is not shape anymore and i wouldn't call it like that. Because >>>> shape >>>> > are shape, and has nothing to do with paints and transform, >>>> > it don't knows and don't cares whether it will be filled or stroked >>>> or both, >>>> > and how many times, and if there will be single paint or thousand. >>>> > Such kind of properties is simply orthogonal to what shape existing >>>> for, >>>> > because it exists only to define geometry. >>>> > >>>> > I think all of that came from not understanding the roles of objects >>>> and how >>>> > they interact in Athens. >>>> >>>> Can you point us to documentation that describes Athen's architecture >>>> for these interactions? >>>> (sorry I haven't checked class comments, but I'm looking to start with >>>> something at higher level anyway) >>>> >>> >>> No, i can't point it out. And you are right , this is nobody else's >>> fault than my own. I feel ashamed. Sure how i could demand that people >>> understand the concepts, if i didn't explained then anywhere (or if i did, >>> it is not in easily reachable place). >>> >>> So, lets fix that. I will write it down here, and you can pick it up and >>> find suitable place for it. >>> >>> ---------- >>> Basic abstractions behind Athens. >>> >>> Since Athens is about drawing graphics, we need a media where all >>> drawing operations will appear. We call that media a surface. >>> The surface is abstract. It can have set dimensions, or don't. We don't >>> define if it representing some kind of physical surface (like part of the >>> display screen), or how it storing the data inside. We leaving an >>> introduction of such details to concrete surface implementation. >>> All that matters is that surface is a final target of all our drawing >>> operations. >>> Therefore, in Athens, a surface is usually a starting point where all >>> begins from, and you doing so by creating a specific surface. >>> It is surface's responsibility then, to provide user a means how he can >>> draw on it, and therefore there is a number of factory methods, that >>> allowing you to create a canvas, paints and shapes. All those three are >>> specific implementation of AthensCanvas, AthensPaint and AthensShape >>> protocols, suitable to be used with specific surface implementation that >>> you using. >>> >>> Canvas. >>> Canvas represents a basic drawing context. We don't allow a direct >>> operations with surface, but instead we provide a context, that contains >>> and carries all information that represents a current stage of drawing >>> operations. >>> This includes things like, current coordinate transformation(s), >>> currently selected paint and shape, and paint mode. >>> >>> In order to obtain canvas, one must use #drawDuring: message sent to >>> surface with block as argument. The given block receives an instance of >>> AthensCanvas as a single parameter. We intentionally enclosing all possible >>> drawing operations within a block to make sure that when we leave, we can >>> safely release all resources that was allocated, required to hold the >>> drawing context state. By exposing it in such form, we also making sure >>> that nothing can alter the surface outside a given block. That way, it >>> gives users a definitive answer, whether he finished drawing operations or >>> not, and if it safe to operate with surface for things like saving it to >>> file, or using it as a source for more complex operations, like acting as a >>> paint to fill area(s) inside another surface etc. >>> >>> Paints and shapes. >>> A starting point is answering a question, how we can represent a >>> simplest, elementary drawing operation on a surface without putting too >>> much constraints. >>> We doing so by postulating that any elementary drawing operation can be >>> expressed by a function: >>> >>> fill(paint, shape) >>> >>> Please, note that 'fill' here is not a literally fill given shape with >>> given paint. We call it 'fill' for simplicity reason. It can anything that >>> altering the surface, but always taking into account given parameters: >>> paint and shape. >>> >>> Then, from that perspective we can clearly say what are the roles and >>> responsibility of shapes and paints. >>> >>> The shape defines the affected region, its geometry and location, >>> while paint defines how that region will be altered. >>> In this way, most of more complex operations can be expressed as a >>> series of such function invocations by using various paints and shapes. >>> >>> Such representation also gives us a minimal set of roles, a building >>> bricks, that we need to introduce in order to represent any kind of drawing >>> operation we may need, as well as a minimal functionality in order to >>> implement such function(s). And therefore a minimal protocol(s), that all >>> paints and shapes should implement. >>> >>> Since there potentially infinite number of various paint kinds and shape >>> kinds, we cannot make a single function that will implement all possible >>> permutations in order to fill shape with concrete paint. >>> To solve that we introducing a straight dispatch mechanism, where we >>> delegate the responsibility of implementing a concrete case, first to >>> shape, and then to paint. >>> >>> The API representing this function in canvas by #draw protocol. >>> It takes currently selected paint and currently selected shape and >>> starting dispatch: >>> >>> draw >>> "Fill the currently selected shape with currently selected paint" >>> ^ shape paintFillsUsing: paint on: self >>> >>> So, first it goes to the shape, by sending #paintFillsUsing:on: , >>> then shape dispatching it further to paint by sending appropriate message >>> (be it #athensFillPath:on: or #athensFillRectangle:on: or anything else, >>> if you want to introduce new kind of shape representation and implement it >>> accordingly). >>> Such dispatch gives us an ability to easily extend the framework by >>> introducing new kind of shapes and paints , by implementing new kind of >>> fill() functions for them. >>> >>> ----------- >>> >>> I hope that will make clear at least part of things what is there, >>> behind the scenes. >>> >>> >>>> cheers -ben >>>> >>>> >>> >>> -- >>> Best regards, >>> Igor Stasenko. >>> >> >> >> >> -- >> Best regards, >> Igor Stasenko. >> > >

April 5, 2016

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