The guy who asked the question said: "...when you want to shorten some object initialization"

Using ClassVariable is an alternative way to shorten object initialization, reading a ClassVariable is almost the same performance as reading a literal, so that looked like a good alternative to me. Both the ClassVariable and the literal have the same issues (same object so if you mutate it you have to deal with it).

But yes, it's not a new literal.

For new literals, you can extend the compiler or hard patch thing:

MyClass>>foo

^ #bar

(MyClass>>#foo) literalAt: ((MyClass>>#foo) literals indexOf: #bar) put: Set new.

MyClass new foo��

>>> a Set ()

Obviously it depends what you mean by literal, the latter code uses the literal bytecode instruction, which does not make the pushed object a literal object...