I've quite often opened a REPL on Rails apps in the production environment. You can basically execute everything on the production environment. This is quite useful for checking what's going on (usually a mismatch between your development/staging environment and the production one).
Beware that you do not connect to the serving process that your customer is seeing. You just spin a new REPL process with the production settings. And frankly it was usually more than enough to find what you need to fix.